EndoG Antibody
Product Code:
PSI-3035
PSI-3035
Host Type:
Rabbit
Rabbit
Antibody Isotype:
IgG
IgG
Antibody Clonality:
Polyclonal
Polyclonal
Regulatory Status:
RUO
RUO
Applications:
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
- Immunohistochemistry (IHC)
- Western Blot (WB)
No additional charges, what you see is what you pay! *
Code | Size | Price |
---|
PSI-3035-0.02mg | 0.02mg | £150.00 |
Quantity:
PSI-3035-0.1mg | 0.1mg | £449.00 |
Quantity:
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This product comes from: United States.
Typical lead time: 14-21 working days.
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Typical lead time: 14-21 working days.
Contact us for more accurate information.
- Further Information
- Documents
- References
- Related Products
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Further Information
Additional Names:
EndoG Antibody: Endonuclease G, mitochondrial, Endo G
Application Note:
WB: 0.5-2 μg/mL; IF: 20 μg/mL; IHC: 2.5-15 μg/mL.
Antibody validated: Western Blot in human and mouse samples; Immunofluorescence and Immunohistochemistry in human samples. All other applications and species not yet tested.
Antibody validated: Western Blot in human and mouse samples; Immunofluorescence and Immunohistochemistry in human samples. All other applications and species not yet tested.
Background:
EndoG Antibody: The fragmentation of nuclear DNA is a hallmark of apoptotic cell death. The activities of caspase and nuclease are involved in the DNA fragmentation. Caspase-activated deoxyribonuclease (CAD), also termed DNA fragmentation factor (DFF40), is one such nuclease, and is capable of inducing DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation after cleavage by caspase-3 of its inhibitor ICAD/DFF45. Caspase and CAD independent DNA fragmentation also exists. Recent studies demonstrated that another nuclease, endonuclease G (endoG), is specifically activated by apoptotic stimuli and is able to induce nucleosomal fragmentation of DNA independently of caspase and DFF/CAD. EndoG is a mitochondrion-specific nuclease that translocates to the nucleus and cleaves chromatin DNA during apoptosis. The homologue of mammalian EndoG is the first mitochondrial protein identified to be involved in apoptosis in C. elegans. EndooG also cleaves DNA in vitro.
Background References:
- Li et al. Nature 2001;412(6842):95-9.
- Parrish et al. Nature 2001;412(6842):90-4.
- Hengartner. Nature. 2001;412(6842):27, 29.
- Widlak et al. J Biol Chem. 2001;276(51):48404-9.
Buffer:
EndoG Antibody is supplied in PBS containing 0.02% sodium azide.
Concentration:
1 mg/mL
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
DISCLAIMER:
Optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user. The information provided is a guideline for product use. This product is for research use only.
Immunogen:
Anti-EndoG antibody (3035) was raised against a peptide corresponding to 15 amino acids near the amino terminus of human ENDOG.
The immunogen is located within amino acids 40-90 of EndoG.
The immunogen is located within amino acids 40-90 of EndoG.
ISOFORMS:
Human EndoG has only one isoform (297aa, 33kD). Mouse EndoG has one isoform (294aa, 32kD) and Rat EndoG also has one isoform (294aa, 32kD). 3035 can detect human, mouse and rat isoform.
NCBI Gene ID #:
2021
NCBI Official Name:
endonuclease G
NCBI Official Symbol:
ENDOG
NCBI Organism:
Homo sapiens
Physical State:
Liquid
PREDICTED MOLECULAR WEIGHT:
Predicted: 33kD
Observed: 33kD
Observed: 33kD
Protein Accession #:
NP_004426
Protein GI Number:
53759134
Purification:
EndoG Antibody is affinity chromatography purified via peptide column.
Research Area:
Apoptosis,Cancer
Swissprot #:
Q14249
User NOte:
Optimal dilutions for each application to be determined by the researcher.
VALIDATION:
KD validation (Figure 13, 14): Anti-EndoG antibody (3035) specificity was further verified by EndoG specific knockdown. EndoG signal in human cancer cell lines transfected with EndoG siRNAs was disrupted in comparison with that in cells transfected with control siRNAs.
Localization validation (Figure 7, 8, 10, 11): EndoG translocation was observed in different cell lines and tissues after treatment. From mitochondria to cytoplasm: figure 7 and figure 8. From cytosol to nucleus: figure 10 and figure 11.
Documents
References
- Wolff et al. p53's mitochondrial translocation and MOMP action is independent of Puma and Bax and severely disrupts mitochondrial membrane integrity. Cell Res. 2008;18(7):733-44. PMID: 18504456
- Zanna et al. Caspase-independent death of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy cybrids is driven by energetic failure and mediated by AIF and Endonuclease G. Apoptosis. 2005;10(5):997-1007.PMID: 16151635
- Siu et al. Response of caspase-independent apoptotic factors to high salt diet-induced heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2007;42(3):678-86.PMID: 17292393
- Yu et al. Overexpression of SOD1 in transgenic rats attenuates nuclear translocation of endonuclease G and apoptosis after spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma. 2006;23(5):595-603. PMID: 16689664. PMID: 16689664
- Reddivari et al. The bioactive compounds alpha-chaconine and gallic acid in potato extracts decrease survival and induce apoptosis in LNCaP and PC3 prostate cancer cells. Nutr Cancer. 2010;62(5):601-10. PMID: 20574921
- Kim et al. Reactive oxygen species-dependent EndoG release mediates cisplatin-induced caspase-independent apoptosis in human head and neck squamous carcinoma cells. Int J Cancer. 2008;122(3):672-80. PMID: 17955488
- Sasazawa et al. Vacuolar H+-ATPase inhibitors overcome Bcl-xL-mediated chemoresistance through restoration of a caspase-independent apoptotic pathway. Cancer Sci. 2009;100(8):1460-7.PMID: 19459857
- Schneiders et al. BH3-only proteins Mcl-1 and Bim as well as endonuclease G are targeted in spongistatin 1-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther. 2009;8(10):2914-25. PMID: 19808980
- Liu et al. Activation of dual apoptotic pathways in human melanocytes and protection by survivin. J Invest Dermatol. 2006;126(10):2247-56. PMID: 16728972
- Cozzolino et al. Apaf1 mediates apoptosis and mitochondrial damage induced by mutant human SOD1s typical of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis. 2006;21(1):69-79.PMID: 16046141
- Ory et al. Zoledronic acid activates the DNA S-phase checkpoint and induces osteosarcoma cell death characterized by apoptosis-inducing factor and endonuclease-G translocation independently of p53 and retinoblastoma status. Mol Pharmacol. 2007;71(1):333-43. PMID: 17050806
- Du et al. Resveratrol prevents protein nitration and release of endonucleases from mitochondria during acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Food Chem Toxicol. 2015;81:62-70. PMID: 25865938
- Gozar et al. Dz13, a DNAzyme targeting c-jun, induces off-target cytotoxicity in endothelial cells with features of nonapoptotic programmed cell death. Oligonucleotides. 2008;18(3):257-68. PMID: 18699742
- Lartigue et al. Caspase-independent mitochondrial cell death results from loss of respiration, not cytotoxic protein release. Mol Biol Cell. 2009;20(23):4871-84. PMID: 19793916
- Boyle et al. Cardiomyopathy of aging in the mammalian heart is characterized by myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis and a predisposition towards cardiomyocyte apoptosis and autophagy. Exp Gerontol. 2011;46(7):549-59. PMID: 21377520
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