CircuLex Human Progranulin ELISA Kit
Product Code:
MBL-CY-8101
MBL-CY-8101
Host Type:
Human
Human
Regulatory Status:
RUO
RUO
Shipping:
4°C
4°C
Storage:
4°C
4°C
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| Code | Size | Price |
|---|
| MBL-CY-8101 | 96 Assays | £603.00 |
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This product comes from: United States.
Typical lead time: 10-14 working days.
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- Further Information
- Documents
- References
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Further Information
Alternative Names:
granulin.epithelin, proepithelin, prostate cancer cell-derived growthfactor, acrogranin, or paragranulin
Background:
Progranulin (PGRN) also called granulin/epithelin, proepithelin, prostate cancer cell-derived growth
factor, acrogranin, or paragranulin, is a 593aa cysteine-rich protein that is typically secreted in a highly
glycosylated 88kDa form (1, 2). PGRN is a growth factor involved in the regulation of multiple
processes including cell proliferation, tumorigenesis, wound healing, development and inflammation.
PGRN is widely expressed in epithelia, bone marrow, immune cells, solid organs, and the nervous
system both during development and in adulthood (3-7).
In 2006, mutations in PGRN were discovered to be a cause of frontotemporal lobar degeneration
(FTLD) with ubiquitinated TDP-43-positive inclusions (6, 8-10, 12, 13). More than 70 mutations in
PGRN, almost all of which result in null alleles, have been identified in FTLD patients. A few causative
missense mutations also result in reduced levels of PGRN (10).
PGRN can be found in adipose tissue, epithelial tissue, gastrointestinal tract, reproductive organs, and
so forth (11). Previous studies have demonstrated that increased gene expression of PGRN stimulates
cancer cell division, invasion, and against anoikis, promoting tumor formation (2).
It has been shown that PGRN could restrain rheumatoid arthritis by binding directly to tumor necrosis
factor receptors (TNFR) and play an anti-inflammatory role in the processes (14). In addition, it was
reported that circulating PGRN levels are elevated in patients with type 2 diabetes (15). Moreover,
increased plasma PGRN levels are associated with impaired glucose tolerance rather than impaired
fasting glucose (16). Although type 2 diabetes is often accompanied by obesity, the respective role of
elevation of circulating PGRN levels in obesity and type 2 diabetes remains to be elucidated.
Description:
This kit is used for the quantitative measurement of human progranulin in serum, plasma, cell culture supernatant and other biological media.serum, plasma, cell culture supernatant and other biological media.
Samples:serum, plasma, cell culture supernatant and other biological media.
Measurement range:62.5 to 4,000 pg/mL
Sensitivity:20.4 pg/mL-
Samples:serum, plasma, cell culture supernatant and other biological media.
Measurement range:62.5 to 4,000 pg/mL
Sensitivity:20.4 pg/mL-
Gene IDs:
Human: 2896
Kit Components:
Microplate, 10X Wash Buffer, Dilution Buffer, Human Progranulin Standard, HRP conjugated Detection Antibody, Substrate Reagent, Stop Solution
MW:
62.5 pg/mL to 4,000 pg/mL
Sensitivity:
better than 20.4 pg/mL of sample.
Shelf Life:
1 year
Target:
Progranulin
Documents
References
1. Daniels R, Daniels E, He Z, and Bateman A. Progranulin (acrogranin/PC cell-derived growth
factor/granulin-epithelin precursor) is expressed in the placenta, epidermis, microvasculature, and
brain during murine development. Developmental Dynamics, vol. 227, no. 4, pp. 593?599, 2003.
2. He Z and Bateman A. Progranulin (granulin-epithelin precursor, PC-cell-derived growth factor,
acrogranin) mediates tissue repair and tumorigenesis. Journal of Molecular Medicine, vol. 81, no. 10,
pp. 600?612, 2003.
3. Bhandari V., Palfree R. G., Bateman A. (1992) Isolation and sequence of the granulin precursor cDNA
from human bone marrow reveals tandem cysteine-rich granulin domains. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
U.S.A. 89, 1715?1719
4. Daniel R., He Z., Carmichael K. P., Halper J., Bateman A. (2000) Cellular localization of gene
expression for progranulin. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 48, 999?1009
5. Daniel R., Daniels E., He Z., Bateman A. (2003) Progranulin (acrogranin/PC cell-derived growth
factor/granulin-epithelin precursor) is expressed in the placenta, epidermis, microvasculature, and
brain during murine development. Dev. Dyn. 227, 593?599
6. Mackenzie I. R., Baker M., Pickering-Brown S., Hsiung G. Y., Lindholm C., Dwosh E., Gass J.,
Cannon A., Rademakers R., Hutton M., Feldman H. H. (2006) The neuropathology of frontotemporal
lobar degeneration caused by mutations in the progranulin gene. Brain 129, 3081?3090
7. Matsubara T., Mita A., Minami K., Hosooka T., Kitazawa S., Takahashi K., Tamori Y., Yokoi N.,
Watanabe M., Matsuo E., Nishimura O., Seino S. (2012) PGRN is a key adipokine mediating high fat
diet-induced insulin resistance and obesity through IL-6 in adipose tissue. Cell Metab. 15, 38?50
8. Baker M., Mackenzie I. R., Pickering-Brown S. M., Gass J., Rademakers R., Lindholm C., Snowden
J., Adamson J., Sadovnick A. D., Rollinson S., Cannon A., Dwosh E., Neary D., Melquist S.,
Richardson A., Dickson D., Berger Z., Eriksen J., Robinson T., Zehr C., Dickey C. A., Crook R.,
McGowan E., Mann D., Boeve B., Feldman H., Hutton M. (2006) Mutations in progranulin cause
tau-negative frontotemporal dementia linked to chromosome 17. Nature 442, 916?919
9. Cruts M., Gijselinck I., van der Zee J., Engelborghs S., Wils H., Pirici D., Rademakers R.,
Vandenberghe R., Dermaut B., Martin J. J., van Duijn C., Peeters K., Sciot R., Santens P., De Pooter
T., Mattheijssens M., Van den Broeck M., Cuijt I., Vennekens K., De Deyn P. P., Kumar-Singh S., Van
Broeckhoven C. (2006) Null mutations in progranulin cause ubiquitin-positive frontotemporal
dementia linked to chromosome 17q21. Nature 442, 920?924
10. Shankaran S. S., Capell A., Hruscha A. T., Fellerer K., Neumann M., Schmid B., Haass C. (2008)
Missense mutations in the progranulin gene linked to frontotemporal lobar degeneration with
ubiquitin-immunoreactive inclusions reduce progranulin production and secretion. J. Biol. Chem.
283, 1744?1753
11. Tolkatchev D, Malik S, Vinogradova A. et al. Structure dissection of human progranulin identifies
well-folded granulin/ epithelin modules with unique functional activities. Protein Science, vol. 17,
no. 4, pp. 711?724, 2008. 12. Boss`u P, Salani F, Alberici A et al. Loss of function mutations in the progranulin gene are related to
pro-inflammatory cytokine dysregulation in frontotemporal lobar degeneration patients. Journal of
Neuroinflammation, vol. 8, article 65, 2011.
13. Finch N, Baker M, Crook R. et al. Plasma progranulin levels predict progranulin mutation status in
frontotemporal dementia patients and asymptomatic family members. Brain, vol. 132, no. 3, pp.
583?591, 2009.
14. Tang W, Lu Y, Tian QY. et al. The growth factor progranulin binds to tnf receptors and is therapeutic
against inflammatory arthritis in mice. Science, vol. 332, no. 6028, pp. 478?484, 2011.
15. Youn BS, Bang SI, Kl?ting N. et al. Serum progranulin concentrations may be associated with
macrophage infiltration into omental adipose tissue. Diabetes, vol. 58, no. 3, pp. 627-636, 2009.
16. T?njes A, Fasshauer M, Kratzsch J, Stumvoll M, and M. Bluher M. Adipokine pattern in subjects
with impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance in comparison to normal glucose
tolerance and diabetes. PLoS One, vol. 5, no.11, Article ID e13911, 2010